Downloading Files from URLs in Python
This post is about how to efficiently/correctly download files from URLs using Python.
I will be using the god-send library requests for it. I will write about methods to correctly download binaries from URLs and set their filenames.
Let's start with baby steps on how to download a file using requests --
The above code will download the media at http://google.com/favicon.ico and save it as google.ico.
Now let's take another example where url is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0.
What do you think will happen if the above code is used to download it ?
If you said that a HTML page will be downloaded, you are spot on. This was one of the problems I faced in the Import module of Open Event where I had to download media from certain links. When the URL linked to a webpage rather than a binary, I had to not download that file and just keep the link as is.
To solve this, what I did was inspecting the headers of the URL. Headers usually contain a parameter which tells us about the type of data the url is linking to.
A naive way to do it will be -
It works but is not the optimum way to do so as it involves downloading the file for checking the header.
So if the file is large, this will do nothing but waste bandwidth.
I looked into the requests documentation and found a better way to do it. That way involved just fetching the headers of a url before actually downloading it.
This allows us to skip downloading files which weren't meant to be downloaded.
To restrict download by file size, we can get the filesize from the header and then do suitable comparisons.
So using the above function, we can skip downloading urls which don't link to media.
Getting filename from URL
We can parse the url to get the filename.
Example - http://aviaryan.in/images/profile.png.
To extract the filename from the above URL we can write a routine which fetches the last string after backslash (/).
This will be give the filename in some cases correctly. However, there are times when the filename information is not present in the url.
Example, something like . In that case, the header will contain the filename information.
Here is how to fetch it.
The url-parsing code in conjuction with the above method to get filename from header will work for most of the cases.
Use them and test the results.
These are my 2 cents on downloading files using requests in Python. Let me know of other tricks I might have overlooked.
This article was first posted on my personal blog.
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