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Contract Report 604

Diagnostic-Feasibility Study ofWolfLake,

CookCounty, Illinois, andLakeCounty, Indiana

by

Shun Dar Lin, Raman K. Raman, William C. Bogner,

James A. Slowikowski, George S. Roadcap, and David L. Hullinger

Prepared for the

City of Hammond, Indiana

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, and

Indiana Department of Environmental Management

October 1996

Illinois State Water Survey

Chemistry and Hydrology Divisions

Champaign, Illinois

A Division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources

Diagnostic-Feasibility Study ofWolfLake,

CookCounty, Illinois, andLakeCounty, Indiana

Shun Dar Lin, Raman K. Raman, William C. Bogner,

James A. Slowikowski, George S. Roadcap, and David L. Hullinger

Prepared for the

City of Hammond, Indiana

Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, and

Indiana Department of Environmental Management

October 1996

Funded under

USEPA Grant # S995201-01-0. S995202

IDEM Contract # ARN92-5A. ARN92-4

IEPA Contract # SWC-2024

Illinois State Water Survey

Chemistry and Hydrology Divisions

Champaign, Illinois

A Division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources

This report may be obtained from:

The City of Hammond, Parks and Recreation Department, Hammond, IN; Indiana

Department of Environmental Management, Nonpoint Source Section, Box 6015, Indianapolis,

IN; Illinois Environmental Protection, Lakeand Watershed Unit, Box 19276, Springfield, IL.

The data collected during October 1992 through October 1993 may be obtained from

IEPA, address as shown above.

USEPA Region V Review ofWolfLake Clean Lakes Diagnostic-Feasibility Study

MACROPHYTE (LAKE WEED) CONTROL

Most of those addressing this issue objected to the use of the compound 2-4D as a lake weed

control measure because of feared side effects on other parts of the lake ecosystem.

HEALTH OF THE FISHERY

As you know, the Indiana Departments of Environmental Management, Natural Resources, and

Health recently revised their criteria for fish consumption advisories. As a consequence, the

Department of Health issued the following advisory for Largemouth and White Bass obtained

from WolfLake, based on concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs):

Largemouth Bass

For individual Largemouth Bass 13-17 inches in length, adults should eat no more than one meal

each month. Women who are pregnant or who are breastfeeding, women who plan to have

children, and children under 15 years old do not eat.

For individual Largemouth Bass over 17 inches in length, adults should not eat more than one

meal every two months. Women who are pregnant or beast feeding, women who plan to have

children, and children under the age of 15 do not eat.

White Bass

For individual White Bass 13-15 inches long, adults should eat no more than one meal per

month. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, women who plan to have children, and

children under 15 years of age do not eat.

For individual White Bass over 15 inches in length, adults should not consume more than one

meal every two months. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, women who plan to have

children, and children under the age of 15 do not eat.

GROUNDWATER IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY

Although it is our view that the project contractors fulfilled their responsibilities regarding

groundwater, we believe that the impact of groundwater contamination from surrounding sites

requires additional study.

SURFACE RUNOFF IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY

Although the contractors fulfilled the work program requirements for this aspect of the study, we

believe that surface water runoff impacts from watershed land uses requires further investigation,

as well.

This part of the study should also be expanded in the near future to analyze contaminants from

specific land uses/sites, and their impacts. Commentators from the public expressed frustration

with the limited coverage of this aspect of both the Wolfand George Lake studies.

Addendum

Page 30 (Paragraph 4): The sentence beginning "The effluent is strictly noncontact...."

should read "The effluent is mostly noncontact. . . ." During the WolfLake public

meeting held on September 16, 1996, Mr. Don Roberts of USEPA pointed out

that the lagoon from which the effluent discharge to WolfLake Channel occurs

also receives process water.

Table 6 (pages 33-35): New table replaces table 6 in the text.

Table 29 (pages 94-95): Units of measurement are ¦Ìg/L.

Appendix B: Station code RH-A06-A-1 (page 279) corresponds to the station designation

RHA-1 in the text. Other station codes correspond similarly to station designations

in the text.

Table 6. Public Lakes within a 50-Mile Radius ofWolfLake

Area, Maximum Launching

Lake acres depth, feet ramps Lake uses*

CookCounty, IL

Axehead Lake 17.0 31.0 F,P,R

Bakers Lake 111.6 12.0 F,P,R,WLR

Beck Lake 38.0 22.0 F,P,R

Belleau Lake 12.0 34.0 F,P,R

Bullfrog Lake 15.2 12.0 F,P,R

Bussee Woods Lake 584.0 16.0 8 F,FC,P,R

Horsetail Lake 11.0 24.0 F,P,R

Ida Lake 10.0 16.0 F,P,R

Maple Lake 55.0 22.0. F,P,R

Midlothian Reservoir 25.0 14.0 F,FC,P,R

Pappose Lake 18.0 10.0 F,P,R

Powderhorn Lake 34.5 19.0 F,P,R

Sag Quarry-East Lake 13.4 17.0 F,P,R

Saganashkee Slough 325.0 9.0 F.P.R

Skokie Lagoons Lake 190.0 9.0 2 F.P.R

TampierLake 160.0 16.0 F,P,R

Turtlehead Lake 12.0 15.0 F,P,R

Wampum Lake 35.0 14.0 F,P,R

WolfLake 419.0 21.0 3 F,P,R,WTF

DuPage County, IL

Churchill Lagoon 21.0 6.0 F,P,R

Herrick Lake 19.1 10.0 BR,C,F,P,R

Mallard Lake 40.0 20.0 F.P.R

Mallard North Lake 10.0 15.0 F.P.R

Pratts Waynewoods Lake 16.2 21.0 C,F,P,R

Silver Lake 68.0 30.0 8 C,F,P,R

Grundy County, IL

Dresden Lake 1,275.0 16.0 CO,F

Heidecke Lake 1,955.0 60.0 3 BR,CO,F,P,

R,WTF

Kane County, IL

Jericho Lake 40.0 30.0 F,P,R

Mastodon Lake 22.3 12.0 F,P

Pioneer Lake 6.5 13.0 F,R

Kankakee County, IL

Birds Park Quarry 7.0 40.0 BR,F,R

LakeCounty, IL

Banks Lake 297.0 25.0 6 BR,F,P,R

Diamond Lake 149.0 24.0 2 BR,F,P,R,S

Fox Chain O' Lakes 6,500.0 40.0 56 BR,C,F,JF,

IS,P,R,S,

WS.WTF

Gages Lake 139.0 48.0 2 BR,C,F,P,R,S

Table 6. Continued

Area, Maximum Launching

Lake acres depth, feet ramps Lake uses*

Grays Lake 79.0 19.0 F,P,R

Lake Zurich 228.0 32.0 2 F,P,R

Round Lake 215.0 35.0 2 F,P,R,S

South Economy Gravel Pit 18.5 36.0 F,P,R

Sterling Lake 73.9 29.0 F,P,R

Turner Lake 34.0 10.0 C,F,P,R

Will County, IL

Braidwood Lake 2,640.0 80.0 7 CO,F,WTF

LakeCounty, IN

Calmet Park Lake

Cedar Lake 781.0 16.0 1 F,R

Clay Pits

Fisher Pond

Francher Lake 10.0 40.0

Grand Boulevard Lake 40.0 8.0 1 F,P,R,S

HobartTwp. Lake (Rosser Park) 40.0 26.0 F,R

Independent Lake

Kennedy Park Oxbow

F,R

Lake George (Hammond) 78.0 4.0 F,R

Lake George (Hobart) 270.0 14.0

Lemon Lake

MacJoy Lake

Marquette Park Lagoon 25.6 F,P,R

Optimist Park Lake

Oak Ridge Prairie Lake

Robinson Lake

WolfLake 804.0 18.0 1 BR,F,IF,IS,

P,S,WS

LaPotte County, IN

Clear Lake 17.0 33.0

Clear Lake 106.0 12.0 1 F,R

Finger Lake

Fish Lake (Lower) 134.0 16.0

Fish Lake (Upper) 139.0 24.0 1 C,F,R

Hog Lake 59.0 52.0 1 F,R,

Hudson Lake 432.0 42.0 1 F,R

Lancaster Lake

Lily Lake 16.0 22.0

Lower Lake

Mill Pond 24.0 8.0

Orr Lake

Pine Lake 564.0 48.0 (access via C,F,IF,R

Stone Lake)

Round Lake

Stone Lake 125.0 36.0 1 C,F,IF,R

Tamarack 20.0 8.0 1 C,F,IF,P

R,WTF

Table 6. Concluded

Area, Maximum Launching

Lake acres depth, feet ramps Lake uses*

Newton County, IN

Black Oak Bayour 1 F,IF,R,WTF

Goose Pond Swamp 20.0 F,IF,R,WTF

J.C Murphy Lake 1,515.0 8.0 1 BR,CFJF,P,R,

S,WTF

Cory Lake

Riverside Lake

Porter County, IN

Chestnut Lakes

Chub Lake

Flint Lake 89.0 67.0 1 F,R

Fisher Pond

Long Lake 65.0 27.0 1 F,R

Lomis Lake 62.0 55.0 F,R

Mud Lake 26.0

Pratt Lake

Round Lake

Silver Lake

Spectacle Lake 62.0 30.0

Wauhob Lake 21.0 48.0

Starke County, IN

Bass Lake 1,440.0 30.0 1 C,F,IF,P,R,S,WS

Round Lake 30.0 15.0 F,IF,P,R,WTF

Notes:

Blank spaces indicate that information is not readily available.

* BR = boat rental, C = camping, CO = cooling, F = fishing, FC = flood control, IF = ice fishing, IS = ice skating,

P = picnicking, R = recreation, S = swimming, WLR = wildlife refuge, WTF = waterfowl hunting, and WS =

water skiing.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1: DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF WOLF LAKE 1

Executive Summary 1

Introduction.... 5

Lake Identification and Location 5

Acknowledgments 5

Study Area 8

Location 8

WolfLake......................................................................................................................................................... 8

Climatological Conditions 10

Geological and Soil Characteristics of the Drainage Basin .................................................10

Drainage Area 10

Geology, Soils, and Topography 11

Hydrologic Description ofWolfLake13

Hydrologic System 13

Inflow and Outflow Conditions 16

Ground-Water Conditions around WolfLake ..........................................................17

Public Access to the Lake Area 20

Illinois Side 20

Indiana Side 21

Size and Economic Structure of Potential User Population...............................................................24

Size .....24

Economic Characteristics 24

Historical Lake Uses and Conditions 24

Illinois Side 24

Indiana Side 30

Point Source Discharges 30

Summary of Historical Conditions ................................................................. 30

Current Uses 32

Population Segments Adversely Affected by Lake Degradation 32

Comparison to Other Lakes in the Region 32

Point Source Discharges 32

American Maize-Products Company 36

Lever Brothers Company.. 36

Hammond Sanitary District 40

Land Uses and Nonpoint Pollutant Loadings 40

Baseline and Current Limnological Data 44

Morphometric Data 44

Bathymetric Survey 44

Material and Methods 44

Field Measurements 44

Water Chemistry 47

Chlorophyll and Phytoplankton 47

Zooplankton 47

Algae 54

Macroinvertebrates 54

Indicator Bacteria . 54

Page

Page

Macrophytes 54

Sediment 57

Hydrologic Data 57

In-Lake Water Quality Characteristics 57

Physical Characteristics 60

Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen 60

Secchi Disc Transparency 68

Turbidity 76

Chemical Characteristics 79

pH 79

Alkalinity 79

Conductivity 81

Total Suspended Solids 83

Volatile Suspended Solids 85

Phosphorus 85

Nitrogen 88

Chemical Oxygen Demand 91

Chlorophyll 93

Metals 96

Organics 96

Biological Characteristics 96

Indicator Bacteria 96

Algae 108

Zooplankton 127

Macrophytes 137

Benthic Macroinvertebrates 160

Surface Inflow Water Quality Data 162

Physical Characteristics 162

. Turbidity 162

Chemical Characteristics 177

Total and Volatile Suspended Solids 177

Conductivity and COD 177

pH and Alkalinity 178

Nitrogen 178

Total Phosphorus 178

Metals 179

Organics 179

Trophic State 179

Lake Use Support Analysis 185

Definition 185

WolfLake Use Support 186

Sediment Characteristics 192

Sediment Quality Standards 192

Historical Sediment Data 195

Current Study Data 195

Nutrients 198

Metals 198

Organic Compounds 203

Sediment Classification and Concern 203

TCLP Results 206

Lakebed Characteristics 208

Lake Budgets 208

Page

Hydrologic Budget 208

Sediment and Nutrient Budgets 224

Biological Resources and Ecological Relationships 226

Lake Fauna 226

Fish Flesh Analyses 228

Terrestrial Vegetation and Animal Life 229

Plant Communities 229

Sand Forest 231

Prairie 231

Marsh 231

Shrub Swamp 231

Mammals 231

Birds 232

Reptiles and Amphibians 232

PART 2: FEASIBILITY STUDY OF WOLF LAKE 235

Introduction 235

Existing Lake Quality Problems 235

Shallow Water Depths 236

Excessive Macrophyte Growth 236

High Fecal Coliform Counts 237

Poor Sediment Quality in WolfLake Channel ...........................................................................237

Lake Aesthetics 238

Water Quality and Ecosystem Management Techniques 238

Shallow Lake Dredging 238

Macrophyte Control 241

Sediment Removal and Sediment Tilling 241

Sediment Exposure and Desiccation 243

Lake-Bottom Sealing 243

Shading 244

Chemical Controls 244

Harvesting 247

Biological Controls 248

Objectives ofWolfLake Management Plan .......................................................................................248

Proposed Restoration Alternatives 249

Alternative I .................................................................................................................................249

Alternative II 249

Alternative III 249

Proposed Restoration Scheme 249

Cleanup Campaign 251

Lake Deepening and Macrophyte Control 251

WolfLake Channel .........................................................................................................251

Dredging 251

Thermo-Plasma Destruction 252

Pools 6 and 7 253

Pool 3 254

Page

Macrophyte Control by Herbicides 254

2,4-D Treatment in Pools 6 and 7 254

Application of Sonar 255

Mechanical Harvesting 255

Mitigation of Bacterial Contamination ............................................................................256

Lake Ecosystem Management 256

Replanting of Desirable Native Aquatic Plants .......................................................256

Addition of Physical Structures for Fish Cover .......................................................256

Other Related Programs 257

Benefits Expected from Restoration Project 257

Phase II Lake Monitoring Schedule and Budget 257

Monitoring Program 257

Implementation Schedule 258

Budget 258

Evaluation of Environmental Impacts .................................................................................................260

References 262

Appendices

A. Bathymetric Maps ofWolfLake .......................................................................................268

B. Ambient Lake Monitoring Data for WolfLake ................................................................278

C. Summary of Water Quality Characteristics in WolfLake........................................292

D. Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Observations in WolfLake ....................................301

E. Percent Dissolved Oxygen Saturation in WolfLake ...........................................................311

F. Salt Usage on the Indiana Toll Road 317

G. A Sampling of Historical Data for WolfLake from Old IDEM Files.......................322

H. An Article Regarding Fishing in WolfLake...........................................................435

I. Fisheries Information 437

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

number Title Page

1 Location ofstudy area.................................................................................................................9

2 Drainage basin ofWolfLakeand major drainage features.....................................................12

3 Hydrologic components of the WolfLake system .........................................................15

4 Ground-water measurement and flow conditions for WolfLake......................................... 18

5 Water-level hydrographs for WolfLakeand wells on the west side of the lake 19

6 Water-level hydrographs for WolfLakeand wells on the east side of the lake 19

7 Public access points and parking areas on WolfLake .....................................................23

8 Monitoring stations on WolfLake ................................................................................31

9 Isothermal and iso-dissolved oxygen plots for the deep stations at WolfLake:

a) RHA-1, b) RHA-2, c) RHA-3, d) RHA-4, e) RHA-5, and f) RHA-6 62

10a Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles for RHA-6 at WolfLake ..............................65

10b Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles for RHA-7 at WolfLake .............................66

10c Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles for RHA-9 at WolfLake ............................67

11a Historical observations of surface water characteristics in RHA-2, WolfLake ...............69

11b Temporal variations of surface water characteristics at RHA-2, WolfLake..................70

11c Temporal variations of near-bottom water characteristics at RHA-2, WolfLake...........71

12 Temporal variations in surface water characteristics at RHA-6, WolfLake........................72

13 Temporal variations in surface water characteristics at RH A-8, WolfLake.......................73

14 Temporal variations in surface water characteristics at RHA-9, WolfLake........................74

15a Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 1, WolfLake on July 8, 1974...........................................139

15b Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 2, WolfLake on July 8, 1974...........................................140

15c Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 3, WolfLake on July 8, 1974 ............................................141

15d Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 4, WolfLake on July 8, 1974 ........................................142

16a Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 1, WolfLake on July 22, 1993.........................................147

16b Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 2, WolfLake on July 22, 1993 ........................................148

16c Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 3, WolfLake on July 22, 1993.........................................149

16d Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 4, WolfLake on July 22, 1993.........................................150

16e Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 5, WolfLake on July 23, 1993.........................................151

16f Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 6, WolfLake on July 23, 1993.........................................152

16g Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 7, WolfLake on July 23, 1993.........................................153

16h Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 8, WolfLake on July 22, 1993 ..........................................154

16i Aquatic vegetation map for Pool 9, WolfLake on July 22, 1993.........................................155

17 Views taken during the macrophytes survey 156

18 Particle size distribution plots for WolfLake pools..............................................................209

19 Water-level variation and differentials in the WolfLake system..........................................213

LIST OF TABLES

Table

number Title Page

1 General Information Pertaining to WolfLake 6

2 Parking and Public Access Points in WolfLake ...........................................................22

3 Demographic and Economic Data for Towns Surrounding WolfLake 25

4a Population and Economic Data for Areas near WolfLake...........................................................26

4b General Employment Categories for Areas near WolfLake........................................................27

5 Historical Attendance, William Powers Conservation Area 29

6 Public Lakes within a 50-Mile Radius ofWolfLake......................................................................33

7 Effluent Quality of American Maize-Products Company Discharges

to WolfLake Channel..............................................................................................................................37

8 Effluent Quality of Lever Brothers Company Dischargs to WolfLake

Channel 38

9 Hammond Sanitary District Outfalls to WolfLake..........................................................................41

10a Effluent Quality of Roby Pumping Station - Hammond Sanitary District

into WolfLake Channel..........................................................................................................................42

10b Effluent Quality of Forsythe Pumping Station - Hammond Sanitary District

10c

into WolfLake Channel..........................................................................................................................42

Effluent Quality of Sheffield Pumping Station - Hammond Sanitary District

into Pool 8 43

11 WolfLake Areal and Volumetric Parameters...................................................................................45

12 Summary ofWolfLake Hydrographic Survey Results..................................................................46

13 Protocol for Field Data Collections in WolfLake 48

14 Analytical Procedures 50

15 Sizes and Shapes of Zooplankton Used in Biovolume Determination

for WolfLake............................................................................................................................................53

16 Sizes and Shapes of Algae Used in Biovolume Determination for WolfLake 55

17a Staff Gage Readings Collected during the WolfLakeDiagnostic Study 58

17b Discharge Measurements Collected during the WolfLakeDiagnostic Study 59

18 Summary of Secchi Disc Transparency in WolfLake, May - September 1983 75

19 Summary of Historical Secchi Disc Transparency Data in WolfLake at

RHA-l,RHA-2, and RHA-3 75

20 Summary of Secchi Disc Transparency in WolfLake, 1992-1993..............................................75

21 Summary of Historical Water Quality Characteristics in WolfLake (Illinois) 77

22 Summary of Turbidity in WolfLake, 1992-1993............................................................................78

23 Summary of pH and Total Alkalinity in WolfLake, October 1992 -

September 1993 80

24 Summary of Conductivity in WolfLake, October 1992 - September 1993..............................82

25 Summary of Suspended Solids in WolfLake, October 1992 - September 1993.......................84

26 Summary of Total and Dissolved Phosphorus in WolfLake, October 1992 -

September 1993 87

27 Summary of Ammonia Nitrogen and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in WolfLake -

October 1992 - September 1993 90

28 Summary of Chemical Oxygen Demand in WolfLake, October 1992 -

September 1993 92

29 Chlorophyll Concentrations in WolfLake, October 1992 - September 1993 94

30 Metal (Total) Concentrations in WolfLake Waters, August 4, 1993.......................................97

31 Organic Concentrations in WolfLake, August 4, 1993.................................................................98

32 Indicator Bacterial Densities in WolfLake.....................................................................................100

Table

number Title Page

33 Indicator Bacterial Densities in WolfLake Tributaries and Storm Sewer

Discharges 102

34 Long-Term Fecal Coliform Densities (per 100 mL) at WolfLake Park

Swimming Beach 105

35a. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-1, 1993 .109

35b. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-2, 1993 ..111

35c. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-3, 1993 .113

35d. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-4, 1993 ..115

35e. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-5, 1993 .117

35f. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-6, 1993 .. 119

35g. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-7, 1993 .. 121

35h. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-8, 1993 .. 123

35i. Algal Types and Densities, Biovolume, and Chlorophyll in WolfLake at RHA-9, 1993 .125

36a. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-1, 1993.......................................................................128

36b. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-2, 1993 129

36c. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-3, 1993........................................................................130

36d. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-4, 1993........................................................................131

36e. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-5, 1993 132

36f. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-6, 1993........................................................................133

36g. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-7, 1993........................................................................134

36h. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-8, 1993........................................................................135

36i. Zooplankton Densities in WolfLake at RHA-9, 1993........................................................................136

37 Common Species of Aquatic Plants in Pool 3 in WolfLake, June 18-21, 1994 138

38 Percent Composition of Macrophytes Collected in WolfLake (Illinoisand

Indiana) 143

39 Observations in WolfLake during Macrophytes Survey, July 22-23,1993...................................158

40 Benthic Macroinvertebrates in WolfLake ...........................................................................161

41a Rainwater Quality at Grayco Corporation, Raingage G19, near WolfLake 163

41b Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Point RH A 02, WolfLake 164

41c Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Point RHA 03, WolfLake 165

41d Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Point RHA 04, WolfLake 167

41e Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Point RHA 05, WolfLake 168

41f Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Points RHA 06 and

RHA 07, WolfLake.....................................................................................................................................169

41g Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Point RHA 71, WolfLake 170

41h Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Point RHA 72, WolfLake 171

41i Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Points RHA 08 and

RHA 09, WolfLake.....................................................................................................................................172

41j Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Point RHA 10 (1993),

WolfLake........................................................................................................................................................173

41k Summary of Water Quality Characteristics at Inflow Points RHA 11, RHA 13,

and RHA 14 (1993), WolfLake...............................................................................................................174

42 Metal Concentrations in Inflow Waters, WolfLake (1993).............................................................175

43 Organic Concentrations in Inflow Waters, WolfLake (1993) 176

44 Trophic State Index and Trophic State of Individual Pools ofWolfLake 181

45 Quantitative Definition ofLake Trophic State 184

46 Assessment of Use Support in WolfLake...............................................................................................187

47 Classification ofIllinoisLake Sediments 193

48 Maximum Background Concentrations of Pollutants in Indiana Stream and

Lake Sediments 193

49 Indiana Criteria for Grouping Sediments into Levels of Concern 194

Table

number Title Page

50a Concentration of Metals in WolfLake Sediments (1977, 1979, and 1989) 196

50b Sediment Background Concentration Distributions of Metals in Indiana 197

51 Sediment Samples Collected in WolfLake...............................................................199

52 Sediment Quality Characteristics ofWolfLake (September 29-30, 1993) 200

53 Organic Concentrations in WolfLake Sediments (September 29-30, 1993) 204

54 Results of Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure for WolfLake

Sediments, November 9, 1993 207

55 Monthly Summary of NPDES Discharge to WolfLake in acre-feet, October

1992 - September 1993 212

56 Summary of the Hydrologic Budget for WolfLake, October 1992 -

September 1993 215

57 Hydrologic Analysis for the WolfLake System, October 1992 -

September 1993 216

58 Summary of the Hydrologic Analysis for Pools 1 - 7 of the Wolf

Lake System, October 1992 - September 1993 218

59a Summary of the Hydrologic Analysis for Pool 1 of the WolfLake System,

October 1992 - September 1993 219

59b Summary of the Hydrologic Analysis for Pools 8 and 9 of the WolfLake

System, October 1992 - September 1993 220

59c Summary of the Hydrologic Analysis for Pools 6 and 7 of the WolfLake

System, October 1992 - September 1993 221

59d Summary of the Hydrologic Analysis for Pools 4 and 5 of the WolfLake

System, October 1992 - September 1993 222

59e Summary of the Hydrologic Analysis for Pools 2 and 3 of the WolfLake

System, October 1992 - September 1993 223

60 Annual Sediment and Nutrient Loading to WolfLake...............................................225

61 Results of Fish Contaminant Analyses from WolfLake ......................................................230

62 Birds Sighted in WolfLake Area ...............................................................................................233

63 Costs of Dredging in Illinois ...................................................................................................242

64 Recommended Herbicide Dosages for Controlling Water Milfoil 246

65 Proposed Alternatives for Achieving WolfLake Management Plan

Objectives 250

66 Proposed Implementation Schedule for WolfLake Restoration..................................259

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

WolfLake, located in CookCounty, IL, andLakeCounty, IN, covers 804 acres and has a

maximum depth of 18 feet. Although WolfLake is a natural lake, many areas were dredged in

past years. The lake is separated into eight different sections by dikes constructed during sandand-gravel

dredging for the tollway that crosses the lake.

The Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) undertook a detailed and systematic diagnosticfeasibility

studyofWolfLake commencing in October 1992. The major objective of the project

was to develop an integrated protection/management plan for WolfLakeand its watershed.

The diagnostic study was designed to delineate the existing lake conditions, to examine the

causes of degradation, if any, and to identify and quantify the sources of plant nutrients and any

other pollutants flowing into the lake. On the basis of the findings of the diagnostic study, water

quality goals were established for the lake. Alternative management techniques were then

evaluated in relation to the established goals.

The Illinois portion of the diagnostic-feasibilitystudyofWolfLake was funded through

the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) by the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA), with nonfederal cost-sharing by the IEPA under a Federal Clean Lakes

Program Phase I Grant authorized by Section 314 of the Clean Water Act and Clean Lakes

Program regulations (40 CFR 35 Subpart H).

The Indiana portion of the study was funded through the Indiana Department of

Environmental Management by the USEPA, with nonfederal cost-sharing by the Hammond Park

District, Hammond, IN, under a Federal Clean Lakes Program Phase I Grant authorized by

Section 314 of the Clean Water Act and Clean Lakes Program regulations (40 CFR 35 Subpart

H).

WolfLake currently receives industrial cooling water discharges and a few urban